A favela is informal urban settlements located in South America, prevalent throughout urban cities such as Rio de Janeiro and Sau Paulo. They are characterized by an absence of government oversight, with criminal organizations typically acting as ad-hoc law enforcement.
The Comando Vermelho is the ruling criminal organization within Rio de Janeiro's largest favela, Rochina. In an attempt to crack down on gang presence within Brazil’s informal urban settlements, current President of Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, has engaged in several military raids of the neighborhood.

On the planet Kepler 22-B, each person lives a series of multiple short lives (e.g., 20–30 years each) instead of one long, continuous lifespan. At the end of each short life, the individual dies and is reborn into a new life. They retain partial but not complete memories of previous lives, similar to strong intuition or "déjà vu". Biological aging resets with each life, and no one experiences elderly decline or late‑life disease. The total amount of life lived across all cycles is roughly equivalent to a normal human lifespan today.

Scorched earth policy is a military strategy that involves destroying anything that might be useful to an enemy force as they advance through a region. This includes burning crops, poisoning water supplies, killing livestock, and demolishing transport and communication infrastructure.